dir() est une fonction intégrée de Python3, qui renvoie la liste des attributs et des méthodes de n'importe quel objet passé en paramètres (par exemple, des fonctions, des modules, des chaînes, des listes, des dictionnaires, etc.)
- Pour les objets de classe, il renvoie également une liste de noms de tous les attributs valides et des attributs de base.
- Pour les objets Modules/Library, il essaie de renvoyer une liste de noms de tous les attributs contenus dans ce module.
Syntaxe
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dir(objet) |
Exemple1
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import math # afficher la liste des attributs et méthodes du module math print(dir(math)) """ output: ['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'comb', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'dist', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'gcd', 'hypot', 'inf', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isqrt', 'lcm', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'nextafter', 'perm', 'pi', 'pow', 'prod', 'radians', 'remainder', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau', 'trunc', 'ulp'] """ |
Exemple2
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# création d'une classe personne class Personne: def __init__(self , name, age, phone): self.name = name self.age = age self.phone = phone # création d'un objet d'instance de la classe Personne personne = Personne("Albert" , 29 , 3336578976) # afficher les attributs et méthode de l'objet personne print(dir(personne)) """ output: ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'age', 'name', 'phone'] """ |
Exemple3
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from tkinter import * root = Tk() print(dir(root)) """ output: ['_Misc__winfo_getint', '_Misc__winfo_parseitem', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattr__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_bind', '_configure', '_displayof', '_getboolean', '_getconfigure', '_getconfigure1', '_getdoubles', '_getints', '_grid_configure', '_gridconvvalue', '_last_child_ids', '_loadtk', '_nametowidget', '_noarg_', '_options', '_register', '_report_exception', '_root', '_subst_format', '_subst_format_str', '_substitute', '_tclCommands', '_tkloaded', '_w', '_windowingsystem', 'after', 'after_cancel', 'after_idle', 'anchor', 'aspect', 'attributes', 'bbox', 'bell', 'bind', 'bind_all', 'bind_class', 'bindtags', 'cget', 'children', 'client', 'clipboard_append', 'clipboard_clear', 'clipboard_get', 'colormapwindows', 'columnconfigure', 'command', 'config', 'configure', 'deiconify', 'deletecommand', 'destroy', 'event_add', 'event_delete', 'event_generate', 'event_info', 'focus', 'focus_displayof', 'focus_force', 'focus_get', 'focus_lastfor', 'focus_set', 'focusmodel', 'forget', 'frame', 'geometry', 'getboolean', 'getdouble', 'getint', 'getvar', 'grab_current', 'grab_release', 'grab_set', 'grab_set_global', 'grab_status', 'grid', 'grid_anchor', 'grid_bbox', 'grid_columnconfigure', 'grid_location', 'grid_propagate', 'grid_rowconfigure', 'grid_size', 'grid_slaves', 'group', 'iconbitmap', 'iconify', 'iconmask', 'iconname', 'iconphoto', 'iconposition', 'iconwindow', 'image_names', 'image_types', 'keys', 'lift', 'loadtk', 'lower', 'mainloop', 'manage', 'master', 'maxsize', 'minsize', 'nametowidget', 'option_add', 'option_clear', 'option_get', 'option_readfile', 'overrideredirect', 'pack_propagate', 'pack_slaves', 'place_slaves', 'positionfrom', 'propagate', 'protocol', 'quit', 'readprofile', 'register', 'report_callback_exception', 'resizable', 'rowconfigure', 'selection_clear', 'selection_get', 'selection_handle', 'selection_own', 'selection_own_get', 'send', 'setvar', 'size', 'sizefrom', 'slaves', 'state', 'title', 'tk', 'tk_bisque', 'tk_focusFollowsMouse', 'tk_focusNext', 'tk_focusPrev', 'tk_setPalette', 'tk_strictMotif', 'tkraise', 'transient', 'unbind', 'unbind_all', 'unbind_class', 'update', 'update_idletasks', 'wait_variable', 'wait_visibility', 'wait_window', 'waitvar', 'winfo_atom', 'winfo_atomname', 'winfo_cells', 'winfo_children', 'winfo_class', 'winfo_colormapfull', 'winfo_containing', 'winfo_depth', 'winfo_exists', 'winfo_fpixels', 'winfo_geometry', 'winfo_height', 'winfo_id', 'winfo_interps', 'winfo_ismapped', 'winfo_manager', 'winfo_name', 'winfo_parent', 'winfo_pathname', 'winfo_pixels', 'winfo_pointerx', 'winfo_pointerxy', 'winfo_pointery', 'winfo_reqheight', 'winfo_reqwidth', 'winfo_rgb', 'winfo_rootx', 'winfo_rooty', 'winfo_screen', 'winfo_screencells', 'winfo_screendepth', 'winfo_screenheight', 'winfo_screenmmheight', 'winfo_screenmmwidth', 'winfo_screenvisual', 'winfo_screenwidth', 'winfo_server', 'winfo_toplevel', 'winfo_viewable', 'winfo_visual', 'winfo_visualid', 'winfo_visualsavailable', 'winfo_vrootheight', 'winfo_vrootwidth', 'winfo_vrootx', 'winfo_vrooty', 'winfo_width', 'winfo_x', 'winfo_y', 'withdraw', 'wm_aspect', 'wm_attributes', 'wm_client', 'wm_colormapwindows', 'wm_command', 'wm_deiconify', 'wm_focusmodel', 'wm_forget', 'wm_frame', 'wm_geometry', 'wm_grid', 'wm_group', 'wm_iconbitmap', 'wm_iconify', 'wm_iconmask', 'wm_iconname', 'wm_iconphoto', 'wm_iconposition', 'wm_iconwindow', 'wm_manage', 'wm_maxsize', 'wm_minsize', 'wm_overrideredirect', 'wm_positionfrom', 'wm_protocol', 'wm_resizable', 'wm_sizefrom', 'wm_state', 'wm_title', 'wm_transient', 'wm_withdraw'] """ |
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